penetration grade
Azera Oil Is One Of Reliable Companies That Supply all grades of penetration grade, In the past, the penetration index was defined based on the assumption that thermal sensitivity in the bitumen used in road construction was zero. Bitumen is a thermoplastic material, meaning that it becomes pliable or moldable above a specific temperature and returns to a solid state upon cooling.
Penetration-grade bitumen is mainly used in road surfacing. Bitumen with lower penetration grade is used in the regions with warm climate while higher penetration grade is used in colder weather.
Azera Oil Company is capable of producing different grades of road surfacing bitumen in compliance with national and international standards in its refinery. Penetration rate bitumen is graded based on penetration and softening point tests. This table describes the physical properties of penetration-grade bitumen based on European standards. Penetration-grade bitumen is mainly used in road construction. During the last two decades of the 20th century, most road construction projects showed inclination for solid bitumen which results in more effective asphalt.
Production
Once Crude Oil Has Been Extracted From The Ground, The Production Of Bitumen Can Begin. The Crude Oil Is Pumped From The Storage Tanks And Through A System That Increases The Temperature Of The Crude Oil To 200°C. The Oil Then Moves To A Furnace, Where It Is Heated Even Higher To Approximately 300°C Where It Is Vaporized Partially Into A Distillation Column. Here, The Separation Of The Different Components Of The Crude Oil Occurs. As Lighter Components Rise To The Top, Heavy Components—Including The Bitumen—Fall To The Bottom Of The Column. This Process Is Known As Fractional Distillation. Finally, The Bitumen Is Obtained By Further Distilling The Residue In A Vacuum Distillation Column. This Type Of Bitumen Is Known As Straight Run Bitumen. The Grade Of The Bitumen Depends On How Much Volatile Material Remains In The Distilled Bitumen—With More Volatiles Resulting In A Less Pure, More Liquid Product
